Electric railway signaling system



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

B SAMUBLS ELECTRIC RAILWAY SIGNALING SYSTEM. No. 601,482.

Nil

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

B. SAM UELS. ELECTRICV RMLWAY- SIGNALING SYSTEM.

Patented Mar. 29, 1898.

IVM

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

B; SAMUELS. ELECTRIC RAILWAY SIGNALING SYSTEM.

No. 601,482. Patented Mar. 29,1898.

UNTTnn STATES PATENT @Triton BARNEY SAMUELS, OF ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI.

ELECTRIC RAILWAY SIGNALING SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 601,482, dated March 29, 1898. Application led May 6, 1896. Serial No. 590,489. (No model.)

ures of reference marked thereon, which form 4 a part of this specification.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in railway-signals, and applies more particularly to that class which are employed in connection with the block system.

The invention has for its object to provide an electric railway-signal which will be simple and cheap in construction and economical in its operation and by means of which the eX- cess of battery consumption usually existing in signals of this class will be largely overcome.

The invention will be hereinafter fully set forth, and particularly pointed out in the claims. y

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side view of the double-casing signal. Fig. 2 is a front face view of a single casing, the front of the casing being removed. Fig. 3 is a View illust-rating the electric circuits'for one single block of track. Fig. 4 is a simpliiied form of my preferred system for one single block of track. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatical view of a continuous block-signaling system. Fig. 6 is a view of a slightly-modified form thereof. Fig. 7 is a view illustrating the system shown' in Fig. 5 as adapted for use on double tracks. Fig. 8 illustrates the system for controlling the track-circuits in the event of poorly-insulated track-sections. Fig. 9 is a view illustrating the system for controlling two signals at a switch. Fig. 10 is a similar view of a system for controlling one signal.

Referring to the drawings, Figs. l and 6,

- the signal proper consists of casings A and A',

mounted on a post ct', adjacent the railwaytrack and provided with a central cut-away portion a2, in which is located a lamp ai.

Each'casing is provided with a compartment a4, in which is located the signaling apparatus hereinafter described. The other figures show a single casing, which has a lamp back of same, as in Fig. 2. I An arm or lever Z9 is pivoted at ZJ to a suitable arm or bracket h2 and provided with signal-disks B B', one on each end, said disks being designed to normally cover openings b3 Z94 in the casing, the disk B being known as the day-signal, while disk B is translucentto allow the light from lamp 0,3 to pass therethrough and is useful only as a night-signal. The pivot Z9 of arm or lever Z9 serves as anarmature-shaft for an i ordinary Z-armature Z951, rotating between the poles of a magnet Z95, which is energized by a powerful battery Zf", located at any suitable or convenient point, one pole of which is directly connected to said magnet by means of a wire Z98. The other pole of said magnet is connected by a wire Z99 to a spring-electrode 510, the spring-arm Z912 of which normally holds the same in contact with a stationary electrode Z913, secured to the casing and connected by a wire Z911 to a similar electrode Z915. C is a pivoted arm connectedby a wire to magnet Z9( and provided with a counterbalancing-weight Z916, which normally holds the contact-point b17 of said lever away from electrode Z915, said lever being adapted to contact with said electrode when said signal is operated.

D is a magnet mounted adjacent the lower end or armature d of lever C, said magnet being-operated by the track or wire circuits, the current passing in and out through wires d d2. In practice when a current of electricity passes through magnet Dthe same will attract the armature on lower end d of arm C, and thereby bring the contact-point Z917 thereof in contact with electrode Z915, whereuponr circuit is again opened lever Z9 would tend to return to its normal position; but the same is held in its abnormal position as long as cur- ICQ rent is passing through magnet D by means of an armature d5 on said lever being attracted and held by said magnet. When the current is cut off from magnet D, the arm or lever b will gravitate back to its normal vertical position. In hereinafter referring to the two positions of lever b I shall term the normal or vertical position of the same as danger, while the abnormal or horizontalposition thereof will be termed` safety In Fig. 3 I have illustrated a system for operating my signal in connection with one 'single block of track. In this form I employ two signals A A', one on each sideA ofy the track at each signal-station. In this form the wire d' from signal A is connected at e to acircuit-wire e', which at one end is connectedito one poleof a batteryl, while-the other end thereof is connected to one ofLthe rails-E .of the railway-track. The wired2 of saidsignal isconnected directto an electrode e2.. The batteryl has Aitsother pole connect.- ed. by awire e3 to a second electrode eX, dil rectlyopposite electrode e2. Vithelectrode eX is designed to rnormally contact one end of a .pivoted arm or armature e4, which-isso held bya magnetici?, connected by wires ci'to the rails of ashort' section of. track` E', Ithe rails of:which are electricallyv charged by means of abattery. 2. A secondshort section of track E2 lis electrically. charged f by. means of a battery 3; the current'therefrom passing through asecond magnetlehwhich normally. holds apivotedarm or armature e8 in contact-with an electrode e9, which is connected by aiwiree10 tothe otherv rail E3 of the main track-section rlhepivotedv armatures e4 and e8 are electrically connectedf by` means of a wire 612 or anyothersuitable means. The wires CZ'- clz of signal.A' are. connected to .wires -i e'13 ande, the vformerof whichis connected'to an elec.- trode 615 opposite electrode e9, and the latter beingconnected to wire e'. The set ofsignais .j ust described I will4 designate signalstations. Atthe other end of the block is located a secondsignal-station S', in which thesignalsand circuit-wires are identical withqthose: justdescribed.

Inoperation when the wheels of' a train passl yonto. the rail-section E" said Wheels will short-circuit battery 2 and allow the pivoted1armature. etto move fromv contact with electrode e to. electrode ye2, whereupon currenti will pass from battery l of' station S', through armatures et and e48 of vsaid station, to wire elthereof, and thence through trackor rail '-Eto wire el@ of station S. From thence it will [pass lthrough the` arms or armatures-eS e4 of'said latter'station to wire. d2 of signal A', ,and thence out1through wiresd' and c' to. rail E of mainy section, and thence throughf Wireie' of station S' to battery 1 ofl said stationrtherebyl operating signal Aiandl bringingfthe sam-.e to safety As said wheelspasszffrom sec-tion E' to section E2iarm e4 will again'be drawnback toits normal position and armature es of 'station S will be caused to drop because of the short-circuiting of battery 3 of said station, whereupon signal A' of said station S will be operated by the current from battery 1, passing through armatures e4 es to wires cl3 and d' of said signal and back through Wires d2, 614, and e' to said battery. Meanwhile the signals of station S' cannot be operated because of the use of battery 1 of station S in operating the signal A' thereof. As the wheels pass onto the main track-section the armature es resumes its normalposition and the current from station S would be free to operate signals at station S' but for the fact that said wheels will shortcircuit the battery 1 of each station, thereby maintaining all the signals at danger, the signal A' at S, just referred to, not being used by trains going from leftto right on the diagram just described. As the wheels pass onto sectionl E2 of station S' the armature e8 of@` said station contacts with electrode @15 and in that way closes circuit from battery 1 of said station, thereby operating signal A' thereof. As saidi wheels pass onto section E' of said station-arm or armature e4 thereof will contact with its electrode e2, thereby closing the circuit `frombattery l of station S and operating signal A of station S in a manner similar to the operation of the same signal at station S. As soon as the Wheels pass bystation S' the lparts allzassume .their norm-al positions, and it is obviousA that they will be reverselyoperated by a train passing in the opposite direction to that heretofore described. From what'has been said it will be seen that inasmuch asthe signals are all normally at danger ifthlere is a train in the block said signals cannot be operated, and hence the engineer'is ationce notied, whereas if the track is clear each signal can in turn be brought to safety, whereupon the engineer is apprised that the track is clear.

vtery being connected bya wire f2 to an electrode f3, against which a pivoted arm or armature f4 :is normallyheld by means of a magnet f5, the pivoted end of said armature being connected bymeans of `a wire f6 to the other rail F' of the main track. Magnetf5 receives its current'from abatteryZ', the poles of which are connected to 'they rails F2 of a short tracksection Figisaid magnet being connected to said rails 4by Wires f7. Station S' is identical with station `S in every way, except the parts are reversed. As the wheels of a trainpass onto track-section F3 battery 2 is short-circuited, allowing armature f4 to contact with electrode f, whereupon the current from battery 1 of station S' will operate the signal. A at station S by passing through the armature ICO IIO

f4 of the former station tothe rail F and thence through armature f4 of station S to electrode fand thence to the signal, said current returning to the battery at station S `through rail F. As the wheels pass onto the main tracks F F' the battery 1 of each signalstation S S will be short-circuited, thus preventing any operation of the signals at said stations until after the wheels pass onto tracksection F3 of station S', whereupon the signal at said latter station will be operated by the battery at'station S inthe same manner as heretofore described. It is obvious that a trainv moving in the opposite direction would first operate signals at station S' and then that at S.

In Fig. 5 I have illustrated the preferred form of my invention employed in connection with a continuous block system. In this form vG G represent the rails ofone block-section,

G2 G3 those of another, and G4 G5 those of a third. I have, however, only illustrated the two signal-stations S S', and as each of said stations is an exact duplicate one vof the other the description of one will suice. The track G of the first block-section is connected bya lwire Q to a battery 10 at station S, the other pole of said battery being connected by a wire4 electrical connections with the rails Q5 of a` short track-section Q0, said tracks being con` nected by suitable wires Q7 to said magnet. The armature Q3 is electrically connected at Q3 to a second armature Q0, which is normally held in contact with an electrode Q10 by means of a magnet Q12, which is energized by a battery 12 of a short track-section Q13. The electrode Q10 is connected by a wire Q14 to the track G of the first block-section. The wires Q and Q14 of station S are connected, respectively, to the tracks G2 G3 of the second block-section, and so on. Adjacent armatures Q3 and Q9 are pivoted two arms Q15 Q10, which are electrically connected at Q17. Arm Q15 is secured to armature Q3, is insulated, and moves with armature Q3; also arm Q10 is secured to armature Q0 in the same manner as Q3 and Q15, the arm Q15 being normally held in contact with an electrode Q13 by magnet Q4, said electrode being connected by a wire Q19 to the track G3. The arm Q16 is normally held by a magnet Q12 in contact with an electrode Q20, which is oonnected by a wire Q21 to a battery 13, the other said signal beingconnected to wire Q. The

wires Q19 and Q22 of station S are connected,

respectively, to the tracks G5 G4 of the third -block-section. l

In operation a train passing from the first- `10 of station S.

. block-section onto track-section Q13 Will cause wheels pass onto short section Q6 andthe battery 11 thereof is short-circuited, allowing armature Q3 and arm Q15 to move and open the circuit of batteries 10 and 13 at station S, armature Q3 contacting with electrode Q24, whereupon signal A of station S will be operated by the battery 13 of the first blocksection. As said Wheels pass onto the tracks of the second block the armatures Q3 Q0 and arms Q15 Q13 at station S all resume their normal positions under the iniiuence of magnets Q4 Q12, closing the circuit of batteries 13 and It Will be noted that the batteries 10 and 13 of each signal-station are opprevent any operation of the signals at either of the stations S S', as heretofore fully set forth. It will be specially noted that the formv shown in Fig. 5 and just described is for use only upon a single-track system, where the trains move in opposite directions on the same track, and it is clear that the signals of each station will act successively no matter in which direction a train may be moving.

The form shown in Fig. 6 is identical with that just described, except that the double signal, such as is illustrated in Fig. 1, is e'mployedin lieu of a single signal on eachside Aof the track, as in Fig. wires 10 13 being em-` ployed as conductors for the batteries 10 and 13 instead of the tracksv of the block-sections. In this form the track-sections Q6 and Q13 are made` somewhat longer than the same sections illustrated in Fig. 5.

In Fig. 7 I have illustrated the same system as described in Figs. 5 and 6 as adapted for IOO IIO

l I 2O the signal at each station being operated by the battery 10 of next station ahead inthe manner heretofore fully set forth.

Should the road-bed between the rails o sections Q3Q13 of the signal-stations offer insuftlcientinsulation and thereby short-circuit the battery of any of said sections, said shortcircuiti'ng is overcome by subdividing a section `of track into sufficiently short insulated subsections, as shown at h h2 h3, Fig. 8 The rails of each of said subsections is electrically charged by a battery h4, which serves 4to eni ergize a magnet h5 The magnet of each section normally holds lan arm or armature h3 make a switch in the railway-track.

in contact with an electrode 71., which is connected by a wire 718 to one pole of bat-tery 714. The pivoted end of arm or armature 716 is connected by a Wire 719 to one rail 72,10 of said subsection, the other pole of said battery being connected to the rail 7t12 thereof. When Wheels pass from section Q13 onto subsection 7L', said wheels operate the traclocircuit of `away from its electrode, and this operation continues until said wheels move from subsection h3 onto the section 913 of the next signal-station, all the track-circuits of said subsections remaining open as long as the wheels of the train are on any one of said subsections, thereby preventing the current from reaching the subsections already passed over and avoiding waste of the batteries. It is obvious that the above described operation takes place no matter which Way the train may be moving.

In Figs. 9 and l0 I have shown the arrangement of my system where it is necessary to In the lform illustrated in Fig. 9 the track of the to the battery 13 of one of the signal-stations.

(Illustrated in Fig. 5.) The other rail, G, of said track is also connected to said battery, and adjacent subsection I is connected by a `wire i6, at one end of which is connected an electrode t1, against which is designed to nor-A mally contact a pivoted arm t8, connected by an insulated pitman t9 to the arm or member It will be noted that the subsection I has no electrical'connection whatever with the signaling system. The other end of arm i8 is connected by a wire @'10 to said rail Gon the other side or to the right of the subsection I. The wire C72 of signal A is connected to track G' to the right of subsection I and also by a wire i12 to an electrode @'13, against which arm or member t3 is designed to normally contact. The Wire cl2 of signal A is connected to track G at the junction therewith of wire 6. The wire c7' of signal A is connected to an electrode 14, located opposite electrode t1, while `the corresponding wire of signal A is conthe battery 13 of the station on the left of the switch and of battery 10 on the right of the switch, whereby the signals will be operated, as hereinbefore described.

` In Fig. 10 I have shown a slightly-modified form of the foregoing, but one signal being used. In this form the switch-lever z" holds the endj of an arm or lever J normally in contact with an electrode j,Which is electrically connected by a Wire jg to the rail G', leading from signal-station S, (illustrated in Fig. 5,) the Wire C72 of signal A being also connected to said rail at the same point. The section of rail G leading to station S' (not shown) is connected to arm J by a suitable wire js. The current from rail G is passed around subsection I by means of a wire j1, connected at one end to said rail, the other end thereof being connected to apivoted arm or armature j5, adapted to norm all y contact with an electrode js, connected by a Wire l7"" to the section of track G leading to station S'. (Not shown.) Opposite electrodejG is located an electrode js, to which the Wire d of signalA is connected. At the junction of wire jl' with track G is connected a Wirej, leading to a magnet j10, from Which a second wire leads to an electrode ,712, opposite electrode j. The operation of the switch-lever 'i' allows arm or lever J to contact with electrode 312, thereby energizing magnet l710 from battery 10, station S,Where upon the same will attract armature jiwhich will contact with electrode js, whereupon the battery from station S (not shown) will operate the signal. As the train passes onto the main track the track-currents will be shortcircuited and the signal at the switch kept from operating in the manner heretofore fully described.

The advantages and operation of my improved railway-signal will be apparent from what has been said'to those skilled in the art to which it appertains. It will be specially observed that all liability of accident is reduced to a minimum by the use thereof and that the same is exceedingly economical in battery consumption, because battery 797 is only in use when disk is rotating to clear position, and disk is held in clear position by magnet D and of the normally-opposed batteries of the signal-circuits. For instance, it will be seen, by reference to Figs. 3 and 4, that battery l, .station S, and battery 1, station S oppose each other When the system stands normal, as do batteries IO and 13, Figs. 5 and 6. Tracing the circuit in Fig. t when system stands normal battery l at station S, beginning with the copper pole, to wire f', to rail F, to'wire f at station S, to copper pole, zinc pole, (station S,) wire f2, armature f4, to rail F', to armature f4, (station S,) vviref2 to zinc pole, the batteries standing normally copper to copper, zinc to zinc.

It will be understood, of course, that while I have shown and described the disks normally covering the openings it is evident I could employ the rail or wire circuit systems l IOO IIO

the openings; also, that more than a single armature could be used on lever C and both poles of magnet utilized in drawing the said lever to close contact; also, that the usual semaphore-arms could be substituted for thel disks.

v I claim as my inventionl. The herein described railwaysignal, comprising a casing having holes or openings l therein, a rod or arm rotatably mounted in said casing and having disks thereon adapted to normally cover said openings, a magnet and its armature adapted to rotate said rod or arm, an electric circuit adapted to energize said magnet, a hook-arm on said rod or arm adapted to open the circuit to said magnet during the rotation of said rod or arm, and means for holding said disks away from said openings, wherebysaid circuit is kept open, substantially as set forth. v

2. The herein-described improved railwaysignal, comprising a casing having holes or openings therein, a rod or arm rotatably mounted in said casing and having disks thereon adapted to normally cover said openings,a motor adapted to rotate said rod or arm, a battery adapted to energize said motor, a spring contact-arm in circuit with said battery and adapted to be engaged by said rod or arm, whereby the circuit from said battery is broken, and means for holding said disks away from' said openings, substantially as set forth.

3. The herein-described improved railroadsignal, comprising a casing having holes or openings therein, a rod or arm rotatably mounted in said casing and having disks thereon adapted to normally cover said openings,a motor adapted to rotate said rod or arm, a battery adapted to energize said motor, a spring contact-arm in circuit with said bat'- tery, a hook arm or member secured on said rod or arm and adapted to engage said spring contact-arm, whereby the `circuit from said battery is broken, and means for holding lsaid disksV away from said openings, whereby said circuit is kept open, substantially as set forth.

4. The herein-described railway-signal, comprising a casing having holes or openings therein, a rod or -arm pivotally mounted in said casing and having disks adapted to normally cover said openings, a magnet and its armature adapted to rotate said rod or arm, a

. battery adapted to energize said magnet, a

spring contact-arm connected to said battery and adapted to be engaged by said rod or arm, a pivoted contact-arm adapted to keep the circuit from said battery normally open, and

an electrode with which said contact-arm is designed to contact, substantially as set forth. 5. The herein-described railway-signal, comprising a casing having holes or openings therein, a rod or arm rotatably mounted in said casing and having disks adapted to normally cover said openings, a magnet and its* armature adapted to rotate said rod or arm, a battery adapted to energize said magnet, a y

spring-armv in circuit with said battery and adapted to be engagedby said rod or arm, whereby said circuit will be opened by the rotation of the latter, and a pivoted contactarm adapted to keep the circuit from said battery normally open, substantially as set forth.

6. The herein-described railway-signal, comprising a casing having holes or openings therein, a rod or arm pivotally mounted in said casing and having disks adaptedto'normally cover said openings, a motor adapted to rotate said rod or arm, a battery adapted to energize said motor, a pivoted contact-arm mounted adjacent said motor, and a counterbalancing-weight secured thereto, whereby vthe circuit to said motor is normally kept open, substantially as set forth.

7. The herein described railway signal, comprising a casing having holes or openings therein, a rod orarm pivotally mounted in said casing and having disks adapted to normally cover said openings, a motor adapted to rotate said rod or arm, a battery adapted to energize said motor, a pivoted contact-arm adapted to keep the circuit to said motor normally open, and a magnet adapted to attract the armature on the lower end of said contactarm, whereby said circuit will be closed, substantially as set forth.

8. The herein-described railway-signal, comprising a casing having holes'or openings therein, a rod or arm pivotally mounted in said casing and havingdisks adapted to normally cover said openings, a motor adapted to rotate said rod or arm, a battery adapted to energize said motor, a spring contact-arm adapted to be engaged by said rodor arm, an armature secured to said rod or arm, a pivoted contact-arm adapted to keep the circuit to said motor normally open, an electrode with which said contact-arm is adapted to contact, and a magnet adapted to attract the armature of said rod or arm and the armature on the lower end of said pivoted contactarm, substantially as set forth.

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9. The combination with a plurality of bat- V1 0. The combination with a plurality of batteries supplying normally-opposed signalcurrents through the same conductors, circuit-controllers designed to control said currents, magnets adapted to operate said'circuitcontrollers,and batteries adapted to en ergize saidmagnets, said batteries being adapted to be short-circuited by the wheels of a passing train, of a plurality ofsignals, an electric battery adapted to operate .each -of saidl signals, and a circuit-controller for each of said batteries adapted to be operated by one of said signal-currents, substantially as set forth.

11. The combination with an insulated block or section of track, of a plurality of batteries supplying normally-opposed neutralizing signal-currents through the same conductors to a plurality of signal-stations, each station having two signals, circuitcontrollers adapted to govern said circuits, electricallycharged subsections of track arranged in continuation of said former block or section, magnets in circuit with said subsections and adapted to normally attract said circuit-controllers, and means for neutralizing saidmagnets, whereby but` one of saidy signals'will be operated at a time, substantially asset forth.

12'. The combination with an insulated block or section of track, of a pluralityof batteriessupplying `normally-'opposed neutralizingsignal-currents through the same conductorsto a series ofD signal-stations, each station having two signals, and circuit-controllers formed each of electricallyconnected members pivoted adjacent each other and and adaptedv to be` operated by the wheels of a passing train, whereby the circuits of said batteries will be changed and only one signal at each station will be operated at ati meas set forth.

13. The combination with an insulated block or section of track,of;batteries supplying'normally-opposed neutralizing signal-currentsthrough the same conductorstoia seriesl of' signal-stations, each station having'l two signals, andan electrically-governed circuitcontroller for each circuit formed of a pluralityv of elecvtrically-connectedv members pivotedladjacent eachother and adapted' tobe yoper-ated by thewheelsof ay passingl train,

nals at .each station will be operated at a time,y

substantially asset forth.

15. The combination with an insulated block or section of track, of batteries supplyin gnormally-opposed neutralizing signal-currentstlirough the same conductors,gcircuit controllers for each circuit formed of` aplurality ofl electrically-connected members pivoted adjacent each other, an electricallycharged subsection ofv said track adjacent eachof saidcircuitcontrollers,magnets in circuit with4 said subsections andadapted to govern said circuit-controllers, and means for Aneutralizing said magnets, whereby said circuits will be changed, substantially as set forth.

16. The combination with a series of insulated blocks or sections of track, of batteries l supplyin g normally-opposed neutralizing signal-circuits for each of said blocks or sections, a circuit-controller for each of said circuits Alcomprising a plurality of electricallyconnected movable members pivoted adjacent ieach other, electrically-charged subsections lof track located between and arranged in continuation ofsaidinsulated blocks or sections, .magnetsin circuit with said subsections and adapted to attract said circuit-controllers and ikeep said signal-circuits normally closed, and means for short-circuiting said magnets, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. l 17. The combination with a series of insullated blocks or sections of track, of two signals located adjacent to the terminals of each lof said blocks or sections, batteries supplying inormally-opposed neutralizing signal-circuits to said signals,a circuit-controller for each of lsaid circuitscomprising a plurality of electrically-connected movable members pivoted 4iadjacent to each other and adaptedi to keep isaid circuits normally closed, andmeans for goperating said circuit-controllers wherebyr said circuits will be changed andbut onesignal of each series will be operated at a time, `substantially as set forth.

18. The combination with a series of insulated blocks or sectionsof trackand two sig- "nals-locatedadjacent the terminals of eachof jsaid blocks-or sections, of a plurality of batteries Supplying normally-opposed signal-circuits to each of saidblocks or sections,circuit controllers for each of said circuits formed each of two parts or-members, magnets adapted to normally attract both arms of each circuit-controller,andmeans for short-circuiting said` magnets, wherebybut one'signal will be operated at a time, substantially as set forth. 19. The combination with a series of insulated blocks or sections, of a plurality of' batteries supplying normally-opposed si gnal-circuits to each of said blocks or sections, circuitcontrollers for each of said circuits formed each of two pivoted arms or members, two'or more subsections ofV said track, means for electrically charging the same,magnets in circuit with each of said subsections,each of? said magnets being adapted to attract one arm'of each of said circuit-controllers, and-means for short-circuiting said batteries, whereby all of said circuits areconsecutively opened'.

20. The combination with an insulated block or section ofvtrack having a switch in connection therewith, of batteries supplying normally-opposed'signal-circuits `to saidblock or section,.the switch-lever, conductors for causing said circuits to pass aroundsaid switch,

and a circuit-controller operated by saidy switch-lever, wherebythe circuits through said conductors are opened, as and' for the purpose set forth.

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2l. The combination with an insulated block or section of track having a switch in connection therewith, of batteries supplying normally-opposed si gnal-oirouits to said block or section, the switch-lever, conductors for causing said circuits to pass around said switch, a circuit-controller connected to said conductors, and a second circuit-controller adapted to be operated by said switch-lever, whereby said former circuit-controller is operated, as and for the purpose set forth.

22. The combination with an insulated block or section of track having a switch in connection therewith, of batteries supplying normally-opposed signal-circuits to said bioek or section, the switch-lever, conductors for 

